Which of the following best describes negative reinforcement?

Negative reinforcement refers to the process of strengthening a behavior by removing an aversive or unpleasant stimulus as a consequence of that behavior. This causes the behavior to increase in frequency because it allows the individual to avoid or escape the negative condition.

In this context, the correct choice highlights that when a negative stimulus is removed, it results in an increase in a desired behavior. For example, if a student finishes their homework to avoid being scolded by a teacher, the removal of the scolding serves as negative reinforcement for completing the homework. This concept is crucial in behavior analysis, as it emphasizes how behaviors can be shaped through the removal of aversive conditions rather than solely through the introduction of positive rewards or stimuli.

The other options describe different behavioral concepts. Adding an aversive stimulus relates to punishment rather than reinforcement. Introducing rewards pertains to positive reinforcement, where a pleasant stimulus increases behavior. Taking away something pleasant aligns with punishment as well, as it involves the removal of a positive aspect rather than reinforcing behavior through its removal.