Which of the following best defines rule-governed behavior?

Rule-governed behavior is best defined as behavior that is guided by a set of verbal rules. This concept emphasizes the role of verbal instructions or rules in influencing behavior, often allowing individuals to act in a manner that is consistent with those rules even in the absence of immediate reinforcement or consequences. When individuals follow verbal rules, they can make decisions and take actions based on the understanding of those rules rather than relying solely on their past experiences or the direct consequences of their actions. This can lead to efficient decision-making and allows individuals to adapt their behavior in complex or novel situations where past experiences may not apply.

The other definitions do not capture the essence of rule-governed behavior as effectively. For instance, behavior shaped solely by immediate consequences does not encompass the influence of verbal rules on decision-making. Similarly, while following explicit instructions suggests a structured approach, it does not specifically highlight the verbal nature of the rules involved. Lastly, actions occurring without any prior knowledge of rules would not represent rule-governed behavior, as it inherently relies on the existence and application of those rules to guide actions. This understanding of rule-governed behavior is crucial in educational settings, where instructions and guidelines are often presented verbally to influence student behavior and learning outcomes.