Which scenario illustrates negative punishment?

The scenario that illustrates negative punishment involves the removal of a desirable stimulus to decrease an undesired behavior. In this case, removing a toy when a child misbehaves removes something the child enjoys, thereby reducing the likelihood of that misbehavior occurring in the future. The fundamental principle of negative punishment is that by taking away a privilege or a positive item, you decrease the occurrence of undesirable behavior.

In contrast, other scenarios do not represent negative punishment. Giving a child candy for good behavior is an example of positive reinforcement, where a positive stimulus is added to encourage a behavior. Scolding a student for incorrect answers involves providing an aversive stimulus to discourage a behavior, which aligns more with positive punishment. Adding extra homework for disruptive behavior also represents positive punishment, as it involves adding an additional task to deter disruption, rather than removing a rewarding item.