Which type of mand is influenced by a listener's presence and an established operation?

The correct answer is mand-requesting, which refers to a type of verbal behavior that specifically occurs when an individual expresses a desire or need for something, contingent upon a listener's presence and an established motivation. In this context, the established operation could be a range of motivating factors, such as hunger, thirst, or the desire for social interaction, which drives the individual to communicate their needs to a listener.

Mand-requesting occurs when the communicator recognizes that someone present can fulfill their request, which underscores the importance of the listener's role in this type of operant behavior. The interaction between the established operation and the presence of a listener creates the appropriate conditions for the individual to engage in mand-requesting, distinguishing it from other forms of verbal behavior.

This interaction highlights the functional aspect of language that is directly tied to the needs of the speaker and the response potential of the listener. Other types of verbal behavior, such as echoics or tacts, do not primarily focus on requests arising from established operations in the same way that mand-requesting does.